Global Health & Infectious Diseases Group

Group leader: John H. Amuasi (BSc. MBChB. MPH. MS. PhD)

Phone: +233 3220 60351 Ext 230
E-Mail:  amuasi@kccr.de

Staff & Roles

KCCR-based

• Dr. John Amuasi (Group Leader)
• Esther Daley Matey (Group Administrator and Projects Manager)
• Dr. Christian Obirikorang (Senior Research Fellow)
• Dr. Anthony Afum Adjei-Awuah (Research Fellow, Post-Doc)
• Dr. Joseph Bonney (Study Doctor, Research Fellow)
• Dr. Melvin Agbogbatey (Study Doctor, Research Fellow)
• Dr. Alexis Beyuo (Post-Doc)
• Dr. Nana Kena Frempong (Research Fellow, Statistician)
• Louis Adu-Amoah (Research Fellow, PhD student)
• Leslie Aglanu (Research Fellow, PhD student)
• Austin Gideon Adobasom-Anane (Research Fellow, PhD student)
• Evans Asamoah Adu (Research Fellow)
• Ibrahim Kwaku Duah (Data Manager, MPhil candidate)
• Ebenezer Eric Boham (Research Assistant, MPhil candidate)
• Alexander Owusu Boakye (Research Assistant, MPhil student)
• James Deke (Research Assistant, MPhil student)
• Sylvester Newton (Research Assistant)
• Hakim Alani (Research Assistant)
• Patrick Agasiya (Research Assistant)
• Franklin Yawkpe (Driver)
• Sarfo Agyapong Kese (Driver)

KATH-based

• Dr. Hazel Haywood Hasford (Study Coordinator)
• Dr. Moses Siaw-Frimpong (Study Doctor, Research Fellow)
• Dr. Prince Minkah (Study Pharmacist)
• Jonathan Gmanyami (Field supervisor)
• Mary Ama Grant (Field Study Nurse)
• Sarah Osei-Bonsu (Field Study Nurse)
• Josephine Sam (Field Study Nurse)
• Emmanuel Asiedu Achempim (Research Assistant)
• Sally Ann Kroduah (Research Assistant)
• Kwabena Appiah Boahen (Research Assistant)
• Joseph Boahene Frimpong (Research Assistant)
• Janet Sarfoaa Kyei (Research Assistant)
• Samuel Asamoah Boateng (Research Assistant)

Ga East and other Accra-based

• Dr. Gracelyn Akwaa Asare (Study Doctor and Quality Controller)
• Amos Amoako Adusei (Site Coordinator)
• Humphrey Addo Asiamah (Physician Assistant)
• David Ofosuhene (Physician Assistant)

Offinso-based

• Dr. Paa-Kobina Forson (Study Doctor, Research Fellow)
• Abdul Samed Ishaq (Research Assistant)
• Isaac Boadi-Aboagye (Research Assistant)

Assin-Foso-based

• Dr. Mark Asamani (Study Doctor)
• Joyce Dam (Nurse Manager)

The current global dispensation; particularly on-going concerns with emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, antimicrobial resistance, mental health and the epidemiological transition that has been witnessed over the past two-to-three decades, have led to the creation of this new group at KCCR. Though the debate as to what constitutes Global Health continues to rage, the link between poverty and health has been well established, and success in addressing either of them is not possible without understanding and addressing the two. Poverty cannot be appropriately and sustainably addressed without good health. It is this understanding of the link between poverty and health that led to health receiving prominence in the formulation of the SDGs and remaining high on the agenda of the G20 over the past 3 years. Change in lifestyles influenced by globalization, which has been fuelled by an unprecedented high rate and ease in both physical and media-based cross-continental exchange, have resulted in a quickly evolving epidemiological transition (both infectious and non-communicable diseases). Although inherently broad and multidisciplinary, Global Health and Infectious Disease research allows highly motivated researchers from multiple disciplines to work together to contribute to answering globally-relevant research questions applying scientifically rigorous and innovative methods.

The Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research Group has the following core objectives:

1. To enhance the research networking capacity and infrastructure at KCCR and make substantive contributions to the promotion of interdisciplinary collaborative research at KCCR and KNUST by members of the university community, researchers across the country and sub-region, KCCR’s research partners, and the wider international community.
2. To enhance synergies between research, teaching and learning by providing an opportunity for both graduate and undergraduate students to receive insight and practical training in both laboratory and field research. This is expected to generate passion and commitment to research, facilitate the early identification of talent, and provide an opportunity for mentorship and career advancement towards leadership in Global Health and Infectious Disease research and development. 
3. To provide knowledge through high quality research which will benefit the global health community by improving the clinical management, control and prevention of infectious diseases, the quality of health service delivery, and ultimately health systems and health outcomes.

Research Projects & Funders

Title: African coaLition for Epidemic Research, Response and Training (ALERRT)

Funder: The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP)

Project Period: December 2017 – December 2022

Summary of Project Aims: ALERRT is a multi-disciplinary consortium (21 partner organizations from 13 countries – 9 African and 4 European) building a patient-centered clinical research network to respond to epidemics across sub-Saharan Africa. ALERRT aims to reduce the public health and socio-economic impact of disease outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa by building a sustainable clinical and laboratory research preparedness and response network. The Workpackage 4 of ALERRT is being led from KCCR, and is working towards establishing a response framework that alleviates administrative, regulatory and ethical bottlenecks and mobile-research capabilities that together ensure ALERRT can act swiftly to initiate fit-for-purpose clinical and laboratory research in varying settings within SSA in case of actual REPID threats. Read more about ALERRT here.

Title: African Research Network for Neglected Tropical Diseases (ARNTD)

Funders: The Volkswagen Foundation, USAID, COR-NTD, DFID

Project Period: December 2014 – June 2022

Summary of Project Aims: The network was set up by globally recognized Africa-focussed NTD researchers with the aim of promoting cohesion among NTD researchers in Africa and to provide an authentic African voice to the global efforts to address NTDs. The Networks includes individuals from a variety of disciplines across the health, social and management sciences, including policy makers and program managers with over 150 active members spread across over 33 countries, including Anglophone, Francophone and Lusophone African countries and members in the diaspora. The ARNTD Secretariat is hosted by the KCCR, Read more about the ARNTD here.

Title: Snakebite Incidence, Treatment and Effects in Ghana (SnakebITE)

Funder: Hamish Ogston Foundation, Global Health Strategies and the Royal Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Project Period: September 2018 – September 2021

Summary of Project Aims: Snakebite has been included in the WHO list of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) since 2017 and has also been declared as a problem of global health significance by the WHO at the 2018 World Health Assembly. The GHID Group is working on hospital and community survey to assess the prevalence and economic burden of snakebite in Ghana. In this project called Snakebite Incidence Treatment and Effects in Ghana (SnakebITE), we seek to gather critical evidence on the actual burden of Snakebite in the poorest region of Ghana where the main hospital often has over 60% of the wards being occupied by victims of snakebite. This study will achieve the following:  1.) Allow more accurate estimates of the national burden by extension from this targeted study, 2.) Fill the missing gap of data on treatment seeking, current treatment practices and clinical and health outcomes of SBE, 3.) Provide critical information for determining stocking and informed-distribution of antivenoms in Ghana. 

Title: Skills for Excellence In Science Series (SEXISS)

Funder: Pharmacokinetics Africa, The African Research Training Centre,

Project Period: July 2018 – Ongoing

Summary of Project Aims: The SEXISS is a series of annual workshops aimed at promoting excellence in science among medical, bio-medical and advanced nursing practitioners, graduate students and early-mid career scientists by equipping them with the fundamental principles and technical know-how to improve their scientific output in research, academia, or career in any health or biomedical field. The workshops cover areas such as concepts of Scientific Writing with special emphasis on proposal development for grant application; manuscript writing for publications; basic skills in epidemiology with STATA (BASES), Research Methods (REMIND), Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and other topical areas.

Title: Lancet One Health Commission

Funder: Funds from German Government, University of Oslo and Group’s internal funds

Project Period: January 2019 – January 2022

Summary of Project Aims: The One Health Lancet Commission is hosted by the Centre for Global Health at University of Oslo (UiO). The Lancet has nominated the two co-chairs: Dr. John Amuasi, Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana, and Prof. Andrea Winkler, Centre for Global Health at UiO and Center for Global Health at the Technical University of Munich. A core group comprising of staff from the Center for Global Health at UiO, WHO and Imperial College is driving the direction, design and implementation of the Commission. Read more here.

Title: Antibiotic Stewardship (AMS) in Ghana – Assessing antibiotic use, antibiotic resistance, and accountability mechanisms

Funder: GIGA Institute, University of Oxford and Group’s internal funds

Project Period: July 2019 – December 2021

Summary of Project Aims: The objective of this study is to assess the implementation and effect of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) efforts in Ghana on three levels. In AG AMUASI we are responsible for assessing the implementation of a hospital- and community-based AMU monitoring system aimed at understanding the demand, supply and resulting use of antibiotics and linking this to patterns of AMR found in WP 1, which deals with antimicrobial use.

Title: ALERRT Clinical Characterisation of COVID-19 in Africa

Funder: The Wellcome Trust

Project Period: April 2020 – October 2021

Summary of Project Aims: The objective of this study is to clinically characterize COVID-19 in Ghana, Cameroon, Uganda, Kenya and Senegal. The research also looks into response to treatment, including supportive care and novel therapeutics. This work is critical so Africa can determine unique features of the disease and its transmission in the country and the probabilities of different clinical outcomes. The work will provide real-time information on the clinical and epidemiological patterns of the diseases and inform the development of clinical guidance documents on the basis of evidence obtained. The full benefit of this study to Ghana will be obtained if it is able to cover a representative sample of COVID-19 patients. For video see here.

Title: COVID-19 Healthcare Workers Survey

Funder: The University of British Columbia

Project Period: April 2020 – October 2021

Summary of Project Aims: A survey titled ‘Perceptions and Preparedness of Healthcare Workers regarding Local Infection Prevention and Control Procedures for COVID-19’ was conducted in all ALERRT member countries. After completing the online survey, a separate link was sent to the participant to undertake an educational training for CPD points. The training module which was crafted to be concise and self-paced, but with an expiration date is made up of lecture videos and assessments provided to update health care workers on COVID-19. The training was aimed at increasing the knowledge of health care workers so as to be able to stay safe and readily screen, isolate and treat suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 in their line of duty. See archived videos here.

Title: Modeling for COVID-19

Funder: AG AMUASI

Project Period: April 2020 – December 2021

Summary of Project Aims: Modeling to estimate Ghana’s reproductive number (R0) for COVID-19 and developing predictive models for number of people exposed, the number who might fall ill (asymptomatic, mild and severe), and the number who might die. This model will take into consideration various control measures introduced and their duration and is critical for decision-making around introducing or lifting social-distancing measures and their socio-economic implications. The research is with the involvement of the Ministry of Health, the Ghana Health Service, and the Ghana COVID-19 taskforce.

Title: ANTICOV Clinical Trial

Funder: UNITAID/BMBF

Project Period: July 2020 – October 2021

Summary of Project Aims: The ANTICOV Clinical Trial is; ‘An open-label, multicentre randomized, adaptative platform trial of the safety and efficacy of several therapies, including antiviral therapies, versus control in mild / moderate cases of COVID-19’. ANTICOV aims to investigate mild to moderate COVID-19 patients, determine the efficacy and safety of various treatment regimen in preventing the progression to severe disease with need for hospitalization or specialized care. Additional studies will determine the impact of COVID-19 treatment on the type, strength and duration of the immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 patients in sub-Saharan Africa. The Trial is a multi-country platform involving fourteen (14) African countries. In Ghana the trial is being conducted by KCCR researchers and the study site is the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi. The trial is sponsored globally by the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), locally in Ghana by the Bernhard Nocht for Institute Tropical Medicine (BNITM).

Title: RECOVERY Clinical Trial

Funder: Wellcome Trust via Oxford University

Project Period: July 2020 – October 2021

Summary of Project Aims: RECOVERY is a randomized control trial among hospitalized adults to investigate the effect of different therapies of COVID-19 disease. The randomized trial among patient hospitalized for COVID-19 is being carried out in two study sites (KATH, Kumasi and GA EAST, Accra). All eligible patients will be randomly allocated between several treatment arms, each to be given in addition to the usual standard of care in the participating hospital.

Title: WHO Clinical Data Platform

Funder: World Health Organization

Project Period: November 2020 – June 2021

Summary of Project Aims: The WHO CPD project is an international and multi-stakeholder partnership project aimed at the implementation of the Global COVID-19 data platform for clinical characterization and management of hospitalized patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. The team in Ghana, is led by the Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research Group at KCCR.

Title: Critical Care registry for quality improvement – GHANA-ICU Project

Funder: Wellcome and Oxford MORU

Project Period: December 2020 – February 2022

Summary of Project Aims: The aim of the project is to integrate critical care services in an international network useful to identify optimal interventions for critically ill patients. The newly established infrastructure can be used to participate in registry-enabled clinical trials launched by the WHO or other national and international bodies (e.g. A Randomised, Embedded, Multi-factorial, Adaptive Platform Trial for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (REMAP CAP)3 study in COVID-19 patients). The CCA registry will then be used for specific quality improvement initiatives determined and conducted locally in collaboration with the treating teams.

Title: Seroprevalence of COVID-19 (SeroCoV) in four African Countries and SERO-3

Funder: BNITM and Ghana COVID-19 Trust Fund

Project Period: June 2020 – December 2021

Summary of Project Aims: Seroprevalence study on the current COVID-19 pandemic to determine the current burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Ghana. The aim of the study is to estimate the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Ghana. Primary objectives are to estimate the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence within two districts per study country and describe the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence across different regions (i.e. rural and urban/semi-urban) in the respective study countries

1. Acheampong, T., Akorsikumah, E. A., Osae-Kwapong, J., Khalid, M., Appiah, A., & Amuasi, J. H. (2021). Examining Vaccine Hesitancy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Survey of the Knowledge and Attitudes among Adults to Receive COVID-19 Vaccines in Ghana. Vaccines, 9(8), 814. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080814
2. Sarfo, F. S., Akpalu, A., Bockarie, A., Appiah, L., Nguah, S. B., Ayisi-Boateng, N. K., Amuasi, J.H., … & Ovbiagele, B. (2021). Phone-Based Intervention under Nurse Guidance after Stroke (PINGS II) Study: Protocol for a Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 30(8), 105888.
3. Sylverken, A. A., Kwarteng, A., Twumasi-Ankrah, S., Owusu, M., Arthur, R. A., Dumevi, R. M., Adu-Amoah, L., … & Owusu-Dabo, E. (2021). The burden of drug resistance tuberculosis in Ghana; results of the First National Survey. PloS one, 16(6), e0252819.
4. Dongyele, M., Ansong, D., Osei, F. A., Amuzu, E. X., Mensah, N. K., Kwame Owusu, A., …, Bonney, J., & Newton, S. (2021). Communication Medium Used by Clients and Health Professionals in Accessing and Providing Healthcare in Low Resource Setting: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Advances in Public Health, 2021.
5. Steinhorst, J., Aglanu, L.M., Ravensbergen, S.J., Dari, C.D., Abass, K.M., Mireku, S.O., Poku, J.K.A., Enuameh, Y.A., Blessmann, J., Harrison, R.A., Amuasi, J.H. and Stienstra, Y., 2021. ‘The medicine is not for sale’: Practices of traditional healers in snakebite envenoming in Ghana. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 15(4), p.e0009298. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009298
6. Gruetzmacher, K., Karesh, W. B., Amuasi, J. H., Arshad, A., Farlow, A., Gabrysch, S., … & Walzer, C. (2021). The Berlin principles on one health–Bridging global health and conservation. Science of the Total Environment, 764, 142919.
7. Kohns Vasconcelos, M., Marazia, C., Koniordou, M., Fangerau, H., Drexler, I., & Afum-Adjei Awuah, A. (2021). A conceptual approach to the rationale for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine allocation prioritisation. Pathogens and global health, 1-4.
8. Adegnika, A. A., Amuasi, J. H., Basinga, P., Berhanu, D., Medhanyie, A. A., Okwaraji, Y. B., … & Steinmann, P. (2021). Embed capacity development within all global health research. BMJ global health, 6(2), e004692.
9. Mabey D, Agler E, Amuasi JH, Hernandez L, Hollingsworth TD, Hotez PJ, Lammie PJ, Malecela MN, Matendechero SH, Ottesen E, Phillips RO, Reeder JC, Szwarcwald CL, Shott JP, Solomon AW, Steer A, Swaminathan S. Towards a comprehensive research and development plan to support the control, elimination and eradication of neglected tropical diseases. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2021 Jan 28;115(2):196-199. doi: 10.1093/trstmh/traa114. PMID: 33179054; PMCID: PMC7842110.
10. Acheampong E., Adu E.A., Obirikorang C., Amoah G., Afriyie O.O., Yorke J., Anto E.O., Gyamfi M.A., Acheampong E.N., Gyasi-Sarpong C.K. and Yeboah F.A. (2021) Association of genetic variants with prostate cancer in Africa: a concise review. Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics 22, 33.
11. Acheampong E., Adu E.A., Anto E.O., Obirikorang Y., Adua E., Lopko S.Y., Acheampong E.N., Anto A.O., Baah V. and Obirikorang C. (2021) Putative factors influencing knowledge and behavioural practices of health science undergraduate students towards COVID-19 infection ahead of re-opening universities in Ghana. Journal of Public Health and Emergency.
12. Sigfrid, L., Jesudason, E., Lim, W. S., Rello, J., Amuasi, J. H., Drake, T. M., … & Scott, J. T. (2021). What is the recovery rate and risk of long-term consequences following a diagnosis of COVID-19? A harmonised, global longitudinal observational study protocol. BMJ Open, 11(3), e043887. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043887
13. Tazerji, S. S., Duarte, P. M., Rahimi, P., Shahabinejad, F., Dhakal, S., Malik, Y. S., Amuasi, J. H., … & Fawzy, M. (2020). Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to animals: an updated review. Journal of translational medicine, 18(1), 1-11.
14. Sylverken, A. A., El-Duah, P., Owusu, M., Schneider, J., Yeboah, R., Ayisi-Boateng, N. K., Amuasi, J.H., … & Phillips, R. (2021). Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in northern Ghana: insights from whole-genome sequencing. Archives of virology, 166(5), 1385-1393.
15. Amuasi, J. H., Walzer, C., Heymann, D., Carabin, H., Haines, A., & Winkler, A. S. (2020). Calling for a COVID-19 one health research coalition. The Lancet, 395(10236), 1543-1544.
16. Amuasi, J. H., Lucas, T., Horton, R., & Winkler, A. S. (2020). Reconnecting for our future: the lancet one health commission. The Lancet, 395(10235), 1469-1471.
17. Amuasi, J. H., & Winkler, A. S. (2020). One Health or Planetary Health for pandemic prevention?–Authors’ reply. The Lancet, 396(10266), 1882-1883.
18. Owusu, M., Sylverken, A. A., Ankrah, S. T., El-Duah, P., Ayisi-Boateng, N. K., Yeboah, R., Afum-Adjei Awuah, A., Amuasi, J., … &Phillips, R. O. (2020). Epidemiological profile of SARS-CoV-2 among selected regions in Ghana: A cross-sectional retrospective study. PLoS One, 15(12), e0243711.
19. Wariri, O., Nkereuwem, E., Erondu, N. A., Edem, B., Nkereuwem, O. O., Idoko, O. T., …, Afum-Adjei Awuah, A., & Kampmann, B. (2021). A scorecard of progress towards measles elimination in 15 west African countries, 2001–19: a retrospective, multicountry analysis of national immunisation coverage and surveillance data. The Lancet Global Health, 9(3), e280-e290.
20. Awua-Boateng NY, Mohammed A, Aglanu L.M., Acheampong G, Amuasi JH, Bonsu FA, Phillips RO, Owusu-Dabo E. Is pulmonary tuberculosis in pregnant women a problem in Ghana? Observations and lessons from the national tuberculosis prevalence project. Int J Mycobacteriol. 2019 Jul-Sep;8(3):267-272.
21. Agyei-Baffour, P., Ansong, D., Osei, F. A., Appiah, S. C. Y., Kwarteng, S. O., Nyanor, I., …Bonney, J. & Sylverken, J. (2020). Social constructs, late recognition and decision making for managing fast breathing in children. Children and Youth Services Review, 118, 105416.
22. Debrah, S., Donkor, P., Mock, C., Bonney, J., Oduro, G., Ohene-Yeboah, M., … & Tabiri, S. (2020). Increasing the use of continuing professional development courses to strengthen trauma care in Ghana. Ghana Medical Journal, 54(3), 197-200
23. Forson, P. K., Oduro, G., Bonney, J., Cobbold, S., Sarfo-Frimpong, J., Boyd, C., & Maio, R. (2020). Emergency department admissions Kumasi, Ghana: Prevalence of alcohol and substance use, and associated trauma. Journal of addictive diseases, 38(4), 520-528.
24. Sylverken, A. A., Owusu, M., Yeboah, R., El-Duah, P., Gorman, R., Bonney, J. K., … & Phillips, R. O. (2020). Influenza outbreak among students in Ghana: a report from three time points. Available at Research Square https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-34837/v3
25. Bonney, J., Pessey, L., Forson, P. K., Chiedozie, O., Ohiole, A. (2020). Screening for COVID-19. Africa health 42(4):23-28. https://africa-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/AH-2020-10-lo-res-23-screening.pdf
26. Nyarko E., Obirikorang C., Owiredu W.K.B.A., Adu E.A., Acheampong E., Aidoo F., Ofori E., Addy B.S. and Asare-Anane H. (2020) NTCP gene polymorphisms and hepatitis B virus infection status in a Ghanaian population. Virology Journal 17, 91.
27. Bani, SB, Danquah, KO, Obirikorang, C., Owiredu, WKBA, Quaye, L, Muonir Der, E, Acheampong, E, Adams, Y, Dapare, P.P.M., Banyeh, M, Anto, EO, Sakyi, SA. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in LCAT may contribute to dyslipidaemia in HIV-infected individuals on HAART in a Ghanaian population. Scientific Reports 10(1): 19419.
28. Morhe, EKS, Anto, EO, Coall, DA, Adua, E, Debrah, AY, Addai-Mensah, O, Owusu, M, Owiredu, WK, Obirikorang, C., Asiamah, EA, Acheampong, E, Asamoah, E.A., Abradu, L, Anto, AO, Wang, Y, Hou, H, Wang, W SARS-CoV-2 updates in a West African population and precautionary measures for sustaining quality antenatal care delivery. J Glob Health 10(2): 020365.
29. Addai-Mensah O, Afriyie EY, Sakyi SA, Obirikorang C., Annani-Akollor ME, Owiredu E-W, Amponsah FA, Duneeh RV, Asamoah Adu E. Fetal Rhesus D Genotyping and Sex Determination from Maternal Plasma of Rhesus D-Negative Antenatal Population: The Usefulness of Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction in Resource-limited Settings. Obstetrics and Gynecology International, 2020:4913793.
30. Obirikorang, C., Acheampong, E., Quaye, L., Yorke, J., Amos-Abanyie, E. K., Akyaw, P. A., Anto, E. O., Bani, S. B., Adu, E. A. & Batu, E. N. 2020. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms with dyslipidemia in antiretroviral exposed HIV patients in a Ghanaian population: A case-control study. PLOS ONE, 15, e0227779.

•  The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP)
• The Volkswagen Foundation,
• USAID, COR-NTD, FCDO
• Hamish Ogston Foundation, Global Health Strategies
• The Royal Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
• Pharmacokinetics Africa
• The African Regional Training Centre, WHO-TDR
• Funds from German Government
• The University of Oslo
• GIGA Institute, University of Oxford
• The Wellcome Trust
• The University of British Columbia
• UNITAID/BMBF
• Wellcome Trust via Oxford University
• World Health Organization
• Wellcome and Oxford MORU
• Bernard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM)
• Ghana COVID-19 Trust Fund